The earliest May Day celebrations appeared in pre-Christian times, with the Floralia, festival of Flora, the Roman goddess of flowers, held on April 27 during the Roman Republic era, and with the Walpurgis Night celebrations of the Germanic countries. It is also associated with the Gaelic Beltane, most commonly held on April 30. The day was a traditional summer holiday in many pre-Christian European pagan cultures. While February 1 was the first day of spring, May 1 was the first day of summer; hence, the summer solstice on June 25 (now June 21) was Midsummer.
As Europe became Christianised, the pagan holidays lost their religious character and May Day changed into a popular secular celebration. A significant celebration of May Day occurs in Germany where it is one of several days on which St. Walburga, credited with bringing Christianity to Germany, is celebrated. The secular versions of May Day, observed in Europe and America, may be best known for their traditions of dancing around the maypole and crowning the Queen of May. Fading in popularity since the late 20th century is the giving of "May baskets," small baskets of sweets or flowers, usually left anonymously on neighbours' doorsteps.
Since the 18th century, many Roman Catholics have observed May – and May Day – with various May devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary. In works of art, school skits, and so forth, Mary's head will often be adorned with flowers in a May crowning. May 1 is also one of two feast days of the Catholic patron saint of workers St Joseph the Worker, a carpenter, husband to Mother Mary, and surrogate father of Jesus. Replacing another feast to St. Joseph, this date was chosen by Pope Pius XII in 1955 as a counterpoint to the communist International Workers Day celebrations on May Day.
In the late 20th century, many neopagans began reconstructing traditions and celebrating May Day as a pagan religious festival.
最早的五一庆祝活动出现了前基督教时代,与Floralia,植物,花卉,罗马共和国时期4月27日举行的罗马女神的节日,并与日耳曼国家沃尔帕吉斯夜庆祝活动。它也与盖尔朔有关,最常见于4月30日在众多前欧洲基督教异教文化传统的暑假。而2月1日是春天的第一天,5月1日是夏天的第一天;因此,6月25日夏至(现为6月21日)是盛夏。
随着欧洲成为基督教化,异教节日失去了他们的宗教性质和五一变成一个流行的世俗庆典。五一节的庆祝显著发生在德国地方是几天上圣沃尔布加,将基督教传入德国贷记,庆祝之一。五一的世俗版本,在欧洲和美国观察到的,可能对他们周围的五朔节花柱跳舞,加冕五月女王传统最为著名。自20世纪后期流行衰落“五月篮子”,甜食或花的小篮子,通常是在邻居的家门口留下匿名的捐赠。
18世纪以来,许多罗马天主教徒观察日 - 和五一节 - 各种五月奉献给圣母玛利亚。在艺术上,学校短剧等等作品,玛丽的头经常会用在加冕五月鲜花装饰。 5月1日也是工人圣若瑟工人,木匠,丈夫圣母玛利亚和耶稣的养父天主教守护神两个节日之一。更换另一盛宴圣约瑟夫,这个日期在1955年被选为教皇庇护十二的对位对五一共产主义国际劳动节庆祝活动。
在20世纪后期,许多neopagans开始重建传统和庆祝五一节作为一个异教徒的宗教节日。
May Queen on village green, Melmerby, England
Children dancing around a maypole as part of a May Day celebration in Welwyn, England
Traditional English May Day rites and celebrations include Morris dancing, crowning a May Queen and celebrations involving a maypole. Much of this tradition derives from the pagan Anglo-Saxon customs held during "Þrimilci-mōnaþ"[6] (the Old English name for the month of May meaning Month of Three Milkings) along with many Celtic traditions[citation needed].
Dancing the May Pole at Llanelwedd in Wales, 1909.
May Day has been a traditional day of festivities throughout the centuries. May Day is most associated with towns and villages celebrating springtime fertility (of the soil, livestock, and people) and revelry with village fetes and community gatherings. Seeding has been completed by this date and it was convenient to give farm labourers a day off. Perhaps the most significant of the traditions is the maypole, around which traditional dancers circle with ribbons.
The May Day bank holiday, on the first Monday in May, was traditionally the only one to affect the state school calendar. In 2008, when Easter Sunday fell very early on 23 March, some schools broke up after Easter to even out the length of school terms. This meant that Good Friday (a common law holiday) and Easter Monday (a bank holiday), which vary from year to year, were days off. A repetition is not planned for 2016, when Easter Sunday is 27 March. The spring bank holiday on the first Monday in May was created in 1978; May Day itself – May 1 – is not a public holiday in England (unless it falls on a Monday). In February 2011, the UK Parliament was reported to be considering scrapping the bank holiday associated with May Day, replacing it with a bank holiday in October, possibly coinciding with Trafalgar Day (celebrated on October 21), to create a "United Kingdom Day.
五月皇后村绿,Melmerby,英格兰
传统的英国五一节仪式和庆祝活动包括莫里斯舞,加冕五月女王和涉及五朔节花柱庆祝活动。大部分这种传统的从众多传统凯尔特人[来源请求]沿着“Þrimilci-mōnaþ”[6](旧英文名称为三个挤奶的含义月月月)期间举办的异教徒盎格鲁 - 撒克逊海关派生的。
五一节一直是庆祝活动的传统一天整个世纪。五一最有城镇和村庄庆祝春天的生育(土壤,家畜和人)和狂欢与村祝宴和社区集会有关。播种已经完成了这个日期,这是方便给雇农一天。也许传统的最显著的是五朔节花柱,围绕传统舞蹈圈用丝带。
五一节,第一个星期一五月,传统上影响到公立学校日历上唯一的一个。 2008年,当复活节在3月23日很早就倒下了,一些学校分手后的复活节,甚至出学期的长度。这意味着,耶稣受难日(普通法假期)和复活节星期一(银行假期),从去年有所不同的一年,是休息日。重复不是计划2016年,当复活节是3月27日。在五月的第一个星期一的春季银行假日是在1978年创造的;五一节本身 - 5月1日 - 不是在英国公共假日(除非它是星期一)。在2011年2月,英国议会报告将考虑取消与五一相关的银行假日,10月份银行假日替换它,可能与特拉法加日重合(庆祝10月21日),来创建一个“英国日。
Celebrations among the younger generations take place on May Day Eve, see Walpurgis Night in Finland, most prominent being the afternoon "crowning" of statues in towns around the country with a student cap.
May Day is known as Vappu in Finnish. This is a public holiday that is the only carnival-style street festivity in the country. People young and old, particularly students, party outside, picnic and wear caps or other decorative clothing.
Some Finns make a special lemonade from lemons, brown sugar, and yeast called "sima." It contains very little alcohol, so even children can drink it. A similar product can also be bought in all stores. Some Finns also make doughnuts and a crisp pastry fried in oil made from a similar, more liquid dough.
Balloons and other decorations like paper streamers are seen everywhere.
在年轻一代中的庆祝活动发生在五一劳动节前夕,看到沃尔帕吉斯夜在芬兰,最突出的是下午在城镇雕像“加冕”在全国各地与学生帽。
五一节被称为Vappu在芬兰。这是一个公众假期,这是全国唯一的狂欢节风情街喜气。年轻人和老年人,尤其是学生,党内党外,野餐和磨损瓶盖或其他装饰性的衣服。
一些芬兰人使从柠檬,红糖和酵母称为一个特殊的柠檬水“西玛”。它含有非常少的酒精,所以即使孩子可以喝。类似的产品也可以在所有的商店里买回来。有些芬兰人也使甜甜圈和油炸酥糕点从类似,流动性更强的面团制成。
气球等装饰品像纸幡是随处可见。
On May 1, 1561, King Charles IX of France received a lily of the valley as a lucky charm. He decided to offer a lily of the valley each year to the ladies of the court. At the beginning of the 20th century, it became custom to give a sprig of lily of the valley, a symbol of springtime, on May 1. The government permits individuals and workers' organisations to sell them tax-free. Nowadays, people may present loved ones either with bunches of lily of the valley or dog rose flowers.
在15615月1日,法国国王查理九世收到的山谷百合作为幸运符。他决定每年提供山谷百合向的侍女。在20世纪初,它成为习惯给铃兰的小树枝,春天的象征,在5月1日,政府允许个人和工人组织向他们出售免税。如今,人们可能会出现亲人无论是与山谷或狗百合一束玫瑰鲜花。
Many areas keep this tradition alive today. The oldest unbroken tradition is Hayfield, Derbyshire based on a much older May Fair. Another notable event includes the one in the Brentham Garden Suburb, England which hosts it annually. It has the second oldest unbroken tradition although the May Queen of All London Festival at Hayes Common in Bromley is a close contender. A May Day festival is held on the village green at Aldborough, North Yorkshire on a site that dates back to Roman times and the settlement of Isurium Brigantum. A May queen is selected from a group of 13 upward girls by the young dancers. She returns the next year to crown the new May Queen and stays in the procession. The largest event in this tradition in modern Britain is the Beltane Fire Festival in Edinburgh, Scotland.
A May Day celebration held annually since 1870 in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada has the distinction of being the longest running May Day celebration of its kind in the British Commonwealth.
今天许多地区仍然保持着传统。最古老的完整的传统是海菲尔德,德比郡基于的劳动节源于更早。另一个值得注意的事件包括在brentham花园郊区之一,英国每年主办。它虽然可能是伦敦海因斯女王节中常见的布罗姆利是一个接近的竞争对手第二古老完整的传统。劳动节是在村里的绿色在奥尔德伯勒举行,北约克郡的一个网站,可追溯到罗马时代和伊苏利姆brigantum结算。五月女王是选自13上女孩的年轻舞者。她返回明年皇冠新五月皇后和停留在游行。在现代英国,在这个传统中最大的事件是爱丁堡朔火节,苏格兰。
一个五一庆祝活动每年举行一次,自1870以来在新威斯敏斯特,不列颠哥伦比亚,加拿大是运行时间最长的可以在英联邦的一天庆祝活动的区别。
Working!
The world is most likely close to the soil
And soil, as well as men and women相依为命
Their way to work
Sincere dialogue with the world
They had been drifting all local
History of the development of both the growth and evolution
Rich natural and easy
The mountain they stand
Uncultivated land in the jungle
A green dye
Chase the deer living in the mountains
mountain wind in the tall and straight tree of vigorous
Closest to the sun in a place
Sick
They live
River valley
Estrus and the convergence of water with
Will ease the birth of the ship-wan fish灵秀
At dawn and dusk all
Harvest happiness and serenity
Under normal circumstances
Workers
Gracilaria Pattaya a few homes will be surrounded
Used to love to see the kind of attention
Crop Watch
Men like to use wine
Women choose to use tear
Expression of passion for life
Workers in poverty is not stripped of their possessions are
Workers are energetic and full of able-bodied
So boom generation has created a proliferation of人丁
Also created a dance, poetry and paradise
-- 劳动者!
天下最容易接近的是泥土
以及和泥土相依为命的男人和女人
他们以劳动的方式
同这个世界真情对话
他们漂泊过的所有地方
都生长发展史和进化论
蕴含丰富且平易自然
他们依山而立
丛林草莽中
染一身翠绿
山地里逐鹿生活
寒风中围猎山的苍劲树的挺拔
在最靠近太阳的地方
顶天立地
他们傍水而居
江河溪谷中
柔情似水
人与水动情的汇合在一起
便诞生缓婉的船灵秀的鱼
在所有的黎明和黄昏
收获幸福和安祥
通常情况下
劳动者
几根蓠芭便围成家园
习惯用看爱人的那种目光
守望收成
男人喜欢用酒
女人选择用泪
表达对生命的一往情深
劳动者的贫穷是身无长物
劳动者的富有是精力充沛且体格健壮
因此创造了人丁兴旺世代繁衍
也创造了舞蹈、诗歌和天堂
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